Tamil belongs to the South Dravidian subgroup of the Dravidian family of languages and has been spoken from prehistoric times in southern India and northeastern Sri Lanka. There are concerning sixty million speakers of Tamil in these a pair of areas today; outside India and Sri Lanka, Tamil speakers are reported from Malaysia, South Africa, Singapore, Fiji, Thailand, and Mauritius. throughout its quite two-thousand-year uninterrupted history, three distinct stages in its development is additionally distinguished: previous Tamil (c. 300 BCE–ce 700), Middle Tamil (700–1600), and trendy Tamil (1600 to the present). excluding distinct historical variations, Tamil exhibits three various dimensions: geographic (regional and native dialects), social (primarily Brahman versus non-Brahman speech), and diglossic (i.e., "high" formal choice against "low" informal varieties). The central dialect spoken by educated non-Brahmans around the cities of Tanjore, Trichy, and Madurai is taken under consideration to represent the standard.
The modern Tamil sound system options a native core and a borrowed periphery. The core inventory contains twelve vowels, the native a, i, u, e, o, every short and long; there are a pair of peripheral diphthongs. there is a core of sixteen consonants in three groups: stops k, c,?, t, p; nasals ñ,?, n, m; and liquids y, r, l, v,?,?,?. The consonantal periphery, borrowed principally from Indo-Aryan, Perso-Arabic (Persian and Arabic), and English sources, includes b, d, d, j, g, s, f, h. the precise sounds of Tamil are primarily the retroflexes ?, ?, ?, ? —consonants articulated with the reversed tongue-tip against the palate—and the alveolar flap ? — a consonant articulated kind of a "flap" with the tongue-tip behind higher teeth.
Like various South Asian languages, Tamil is written in alphasyllabic script descended from the southern kind of Asokan Brahmi (the script utilised in India from around 250 BCE for Buddhist inscriptions carved at the order of Emperor Asoka).
Morphology
Tamil morphology is agglutinating (words change which suggests through the addition of lexical parts to a base) and suffixal (these any parts are added on at the ends of base words rather than at the beginning or among the middle), inflections (changes in tense, number, person, and so on) are marked by suffixes attached to a lexical base (root), which might be enlarged by derivational suffixes so on kind a stem. There are a pair of main parts of speech, nouns and verbs. So-called indeclinables indicate such categories as adjectives, adverbs, and postpositions, and these may originally are nouns and verbs. Nouns mark grammatically gender (two basic genders, rational and nonrational, corresponding roughly to human, nonhuman; human classified additional as masculine and feminine), number, and case. Tamil nouns distinguish singular and plural in eight cases: nominative, accusative, dative, sociative, genitive, instrumental, locative, and ablative. Personal pronouns among the plural distinguish between first person inclusive and exclusive.
Tamil verbs encompass a lexical stem and a set of positive suffixes. The stem consists of a base and, optionally, a set of stem-forming suffixes. Inflected verbs are finite and non finite. Finite verbs mark every tense and subject-verb agreement, non finite verbs do not. Finite verbs sometimes mark the tip of a sentence; all various verbs ought to be non finite. as an example, the sentence, "When I came home and saw him, I said, 'How are you?' and then I visited eat," would be translated into Tamil as, "Having-come home when, him having-seen, 'You-how' having-said, then I to-eat went." There are primarily three tenses: past, non past (including future), and gift (which could also be a later freelance development). the essential order of constituents terribly} very Tamil clause is Subject-Object-Verb. Hence the sentence structure is additionally described as head-final and left-branching. Head-final implies that the foremost an area of a word or a sentence is typically placed at the tip (final); as an example, "He came fast" would be "fast came-he" in Tamil. Left-branching indicates that the finite verb stands at the proper end of a sentence, that runs from left to right. each sentence has one finite predicate; all various predicates are non finite.
The lexicon of Tamil consists of a native Dravidian core and borrowings from Sanskrit (and various Indo-Aryan languages), Perso-Arabic, Portuguese, and English. At the beginning of the twentieth century a movement to induce rid of Sanskritic parts from the Tamil vocabulary and replace them with Tamil ones was initiated and continues to be vigorous.
Tamil is a beautiful and ancient language spoken in various parts of the World, predominantly in South India, Sri Lanka, Singapore and Malaysia. It has so many alphabets (247 to be precise) and hard to learn.Tamil alphabets application provides information about basic letters and example words appropriate for those letters along with audio pronunciation in the back ground...
Tamil alphabets 1:
Features:
Vowels (Uyir Ezhuthukal)
Consonants (Mei E%94zhuthukal)
Aytam
download visit :http://bit.ly/qIIj9a
Tamil alphabets 2:
Vowel Consonants(two hundred and sixteen Vowel Consonants (Uyirmei Ezhuthukal) included)
download visit:http://bit.ly/nprEEU
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