The Nephrotic Syndrome is the clinical syndromes characterized by large quantity of proteinuria, serum albumin less than 30g/L, hyperlipidemia and edema. There are many complications of Nephrotic Syndrome. And the complications can be classified into two types: Primary Nephrotic Syndrome and Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome. Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome can be caused by immunologic diseases(such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, etc.), Diabetes Mellitus, secondary infection(such as bacteria, hepatitis B virus ,etc), cardiovascular disease, drug poisoning and others. The complications of Nephrotic Syndrome mainly include the following types:
1. Coronary Heart Disease: The Nephrotic Syndrome patients often have hyperlipidemia and Hypercoagulable state, so it can lead to coronary heart disease easily. Someone report that the morbidity of Myocardial Infarction is 8 times as high as that of ordinary people. Coronary heart disease has become the third reason of the Nephrotic Syndrome patients' death.
2. Infection: Because large quantity of immunoglobulin lost from urine, plasma protein is reduced that affect the antibody formation. The application of adrenocortical hormone and cytotoxic drugs make the immunity of patients' whole body go down. So the patients will become infected easily, such as skin infection, idiopathic peritonitis, Respiratory Tract Infection, urinary system infection. Even it can place a premium on septicemia.
3. Thrombosis: The Nephrotic Syndrome patients can have the symptoms of thrombosis. Especially for the Membranous Nephropathy patients, the incidence rate of thrombosis can reach 25 percent to 40 percent. The reasons of thrombosis include edema, little movement, venostasis, hyperlipidemia, increase of viscosity caused by hemoconcentration, excessive content of fibrinogen, the increase of v,Ⅶ,Ⅷ,x factor, hypercoagulable state which appear easily due to the use of adrenocortical hormone and others.
4. Electrolytes and metabolic disorder: The Nephrotic Syndrome patients will have secondary hyponatremia if they use diuretics repeatedly and restrict salt for long time unreasonably. The patients use adrenocortical hormone and large quantity of diuretics and it results in urinating a great deal. So the patients will have hypokalemia if the potassium can not be supplemented in time.
5. Acute Renal Failure: The body of Nephrotic Syndrome patients often is in a condition of hypovolemia and blood hypercoagulability due to large quantity of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia and hyperlipidemia. All the symptoms of Vomiting, Diarrhea, using antihypertensive agents and diuretics can lead to a sudden reducing of renal blood grout volume. This condition can further low the glomerular filtration rate and lead to acute renal failure. Besides, the factors of renal interstitial edema, renal tubule blockage of cast formed by protein concentrate can also place a premium on Acute Renal Failure.
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